Health Care Reform Project Essay

One answer for oversaw care in medicinal services is the keeping the expense of the human services down. As indicated by â€Å"Health Care Cost Control: Getting on the Right Track† (2002), â€Å"A genuine arrangement will, of need, include torment though players in wellbeing couldn't care less: businesses, government, suppliers, back up plans, pharmaceutical and clinical innovation organizations, and consumers.† To recapture power over the heath care emergency the buyers and the shoppers need to meet up and choose what the best goals would be best for them. They will likewise need to figure out what it is that they are happy to forfeit so as to diminish the high pace of the human services cost. In the event that this doesn’t work the main other option would be for the administration to step in and choose what requirements to ordered, no one needs this to occur. Another answer for oversaw care in human services is access to moderate social insurance. As indicated by â€Å"Health Care in Chaos: Will We Ever See Real Managed Careâ€Å" †Lack of protection inclusion causes individuals not exclusively to maintain a strategic distance from preventive consideration, however to defer looking for sickness care until some other time into the scene of illness.† The underinsured or uninsured will hold up until they completely need to or should be seen and wind up setting off to the Emergency room costing themselves and other much more cash using cash on hand. Whenever oversaw care was increasingly reasonable then there would be much less individuals requiring protection alongside better wellbeing for those people. There are an expanded number of uninsured individuals in the United States to generally around 45.6 million individuals (Health Care in Chaos: Will We Ever See Real Managed Care). Nature of care in oversaw care is another issue that is occurring. â€Å"Medicare HMO enrollees with constant conditions demonstrated more terrible nature of care.†(Miller, 2015). The nature of care with HMO’s can be considered ineffectively done. The vast majority feel that HMO’s don't get a similar kind of care asâ others, for example, PPO’s this is â€Å"in part due to slow clinical practice change, absence of hazard balanced capitation rates, and lacking quality estimation and reporting.† (Miller, 2015). Answers for these oversaw care gives all relies upon the person who is safeguarded and wilt or not they need to go through their very own great deal cash to get the nature of care they are needing. Most Americans can't bear the cost of protection either through their manager or through the Affordable Care Act. This is the reason such a significant number of individuals don't have protection and have unexpected weakness. They can't acquire the consideration they need which at that point makes human services ascend to cover the individuals who look for clinical assistance through the Emergency rooms. More clinics need to discount the obligations which is costing them to lose more cash from the patients who can't pay for their administrations. Having overseen care is an endless loop, you either can't bear to have the social insurance you and your family needs or you have medicinal services yet it isn't generally excellent you despite everything need to pay your very own ton out pockets just to be seen and have fair consideration. As indicated by â€Å"Managed Care: Get Used To It† (2010) â€Å"The idea encapsulates numerous methods of conveying medication, extending from the nightmarish bureaucratic experience to the profoundly proficient clinic.† The most exceedingly awful piece of oversaw care is that suppliers can choose the administration and access in light of the fact that the expense of administration treatment is constrained to what the suppliers believe is correct. â€Å"All oversaw care plans have a worked in motivation to restrain costs, since more medicines don't naturally mean more income for wellbeing providers.† (Managed Care: Get Used To It† (2010). References Human services Cost Control: Getting progressing nicely. (2002). Recovered from http://www.managedcaremag.com/chronicles/0202/0202.edge.html Huntington, J., (Jan. 6, 1997) â€Å"Health Care in Chaos: Will We Ever See Real Managed Care?† Online Journal of Issues in Nursing Vol. 2, No. 1, Manuscript 1. Overseen Care: Get Used to It. (2010). Recovered from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/14/business/14views.html?_r=0 Miller, R.H. (2015). Improves or more terrible nature of care? Recovered from http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/16/5/7.short

Brian Clark uses a number of techniques to dramatise the Euthanasia Ess

Brian Clark utilizes various methods to sensationalize the Euthanasia Discussion in his play, Who's Life is it Anyway Brian Clark utilizes various procedures to perform the Euthanasia Discussion in his play, Who's Life is it Anyway. Killing is the methods by which an individual has the opportunity of decision about whether they live or pass on. In the play there are two fundamental contentions concerning this issue. One contention saying that a patient has the option to settle on this choice of life and passing and on which differs and says the patient ought to not have this decision. Two characters in the play speak to the two focal contentions. First of all there is Ken, Ken accepts that he ought to reserve the option to decide to kick the bucket, it is his life, he says that his entire life before his mishap was figure, and since he can't shape since he is deadened beneath his neck, he will always be unable to shape once more: 'I'm completely deadened and consistently will be. I will never be released by the medical clinic.' According to Ken his life is as of now over: 'obviously I need to live yet most definitely, I'm dead already†¦I can't acknowledge this condition comprises life in any genuine sense by any stretch of the imagination.' 'Any sensible meaning of life must incorporate the thought of it acting naturally supporting.' Ken just needs the nobility in demise: 'each man must settle on his own choice. What's more, mine is to bite the dust discreetly with as much nobility as possible summon'. Ken likewise contends that he isn't requesting that his attorney settle on a decision over his critical, just to speak to his perspectives to the clinic: 'I'm not requesting that you make any choice about my life and demise, only that you speak to me and my perspectives to the emergency clinic.' Ken contends that the genuine issue to be talked about is the ind... ...ise the full effect of what he has been battling for. He will never again be there once he has won his case. Ken will stop to exist. This causes us to comprehend why a few people are against willful extermination, and what grave results it has and why killing is an extraordinary answer for take. The performance center offers numerous prospects of envisioning and sensationalizing this discussion, the clinical and lawful language utilized in the two demonstrations of the play, the physical space of the stage and the lighting in mix, the dark parody of Ken, the ways out and passages of various characters that are utilized as mouthpieces of various perspectives on the banter. Issues are brought up in the play as they couldn't be in exposition. There is an acceptance of difficult ideas doubt, an agreement between the dramatist also, the crowd ensures that the issues are all around investigated and keep on being in a multi year-old discussion.

A Great Big Guide To 2014s Must-Read Books from Indie Presses

A Great Big Guide To 2014s Must-Read Books from Indie Presses Im calling this the ICYMI List: It stands for indie contributions you must ingest! I love supporting independent publishers, and I love lists, so Im so excited to have the opportunity to bring two of my favorite things together, and tell you about really amazing books at the same time! Feast your eyes on  some of 2014s best books from indie publishers. Heres hoping you  find a hidden gem  for a friend, a loved one, or yourself. (I compiled it myself, and having read most of these books, can attest to their brilliance!) And please, tell us in the comments about which of these youve read, or other indie books you loved, or books you loved in general, or other awesome indie publishers, or just leave us your social security number. Wait, no, our lawyer is telling me I cant say  that last one. Erase it from your minds. Akashic Books  You Have to F**king Eat  by Adam Mansbach  Follow-up to the best-selling Go the F**k to Sleep.  Primus, Over the Electric Grapevine: Insight into Primus and the World of Les Claypool  by Primus and Greg Prato  Tales of adventure and music  with the seminal rock band.  Prison Noir  edited by  Joyce Carol Oates  One of the newest  contributions to Akashics successful noir series. Archipelago Books My Struggle: Book Three by Karl Ove Knausgaard  The third in a painstakingly detailed six-book series about a family of four in Norway.  The Expedition to the Baobab Tree by Wilma Stockenstrom  A former slave in South Africa seeks shelter in a hollow baobab tree. (Translated by  J.M. Coetzee!) Artistically Declined Press Roller Girls Love Bobby Knight by Michael Wayne Hampton  A young woman living in Kentucky with her strong-minded sister learns  tries to figure out her life. My Next Bad Decision by Nathan Graziano Poetry about the transition from young adult to parent. Biblioasis  Alphabet by Kathy Page  A young man sentenced to life in prison  attempts to turn his life around.  The Freedom in American Songs: Stories by Kathleen Winter  Short stories from the author of the award-winning novel Annabel. Black Balloon Publishing  Come Here Often?: 53 Writers Raise a Glass to Their Favorite Bar edited by Sean Manning Great tales of bars around the world.  Fat Man and Little Boy by Mike Meginnis Novel  adding a human dimension to the two atomic bombs dropped on Japan. Civil Coping Mechanisms Black Cloud by Juliet Escorisa  Brutally honest and dark short stories. Matt Meets Vik by Timothy Willis Sanders  A novel about a blossoming romance and the complications humans make for themselves. Winterswim by Ryan W. Bradley Drugs, sex, and murder set against the frozen backdrop of blue-collar Alaska. Cleis Press The Big Book of Orgasms: 69 Sexy Stories edited by Rachel Kramer Bussel The title says it all. Blackmail, My Love: A Murder Mystery by Katie Gilmartin An illustrated murder mystery deeply steeped in San Franciscos queer history Coffee House Press A Girl Is a Half-formed Thing by Eimear McBride Debut novel about a young womans relationship with her brother and the shadow cast by his illness. Winner of a kitten-ton of  awards! Prelude to Bruise by Saeed Jones Debut book of poetry by the  Buzzfeed LGBT editor, full of lyrical power and grace. Sidewalks by Valeria Luiselli Essays about being a tourist in your own life and human landsacpes, by one of this years National Book Award 5 Under 35 honorees. How a Mother Weaned Her Girl from Fairy Tales and Other Stories by Kate Bernheimer  New spins on old stories from the queen of the modern fairy tale. Curbside Splendor Publishing Crazy Horse’s Girlfriend by Erika T. Wurth Novel about  a sharp-tongued, drug-dealing, sixteen-year-old Native American floundering in a Colorado town crippled by poverty, unemployment, and drug abuse. After the People Lights Have Gone Off by Stephen Graham Jones Fabulous stories that will leave you frightened of things you had never considered scary until now. The New Black: A Neo-Noir Anthology edited by Richard Thomas Stories that are  horror, crime, fantasy, science fiction, magical realism, and the grotesque all with a literary bent. Echo Lake by Letitia Trent A woman moves into her dead aunts house, where she confronts her familys past and feels the pull of Echo Lake. Dalkey Archive Press Metamorphosis by Nicholas Mosley A  humanitarian worker and a journalist in a vast refugee camp in East Africa come across a newborn child they feel might be the key to scientific advancement. Ballerina, Ballerina by Marko Sosic Fifteen chapters in the life of  Ballerina, a fifteen-year-old with the cognitive faculties of a child. Translated from Slovenian. Dorothy, a publishing project  The Wallcreeper by Nell Zink A woman and her bird-loving husband move to Europe for his job and become involved  in eco-terrorism.  Dan by Joanna Rucco Melba Zuzzo, erstwhile innocent of the male-heavy hamlet of Dan, a town located in the foothills of . . . somewhere? . . . finds herself in a rut. Dzanc Books  A Different Bed Every Time by Jac Jemc Stories in which characters stumble through joy and murder and confusion, only to survive and wait for the next catastrophe to arrive.  By Light We Knew Our Names  by Anne Valente  From ghosts to pink dolphins to a fight club of young women who practice beneath Alaskas aurora borealisthis collection explores the thin border between magic and grief.  Between Wrecks by George Singleton Short stories with keen observations about rural life in America. The Feminist Press  What Flowers Say: And Other Stories by George Sand and Molly Crabapple Magical short stories Sand wrote for her grandchildren, with illustrations by Crabapple.  Into the Go-Slow by Bridgett M. Davis Twenty-one-year-old Angie travels to Nigeria to retrace the steps of her sister, who died tragically four years earlier. Future Tense Books Pity the Animal by Chelsea Hodson Chapbook essay exploring the different concepts of human submission and variations of ways to  sell yourself. Excavation by Wendy Ortiz Memoir exploring the authors relationship with one of her teachers and how it has affected her. Darkmouth Strikes Again by Jay Ponteri An essay about metaphors, the self, family, death, language, and art. Graywolf Press  Citizen: An American Lyric by Claudia Rankine Stunning 2014 National Book Award poetry finalist.  On Immunity: An Inoculation by Eula Biss Essays exploring the history of immunity throughout the world in history and art, as well as her choices as a mother regarding inoculations. One of the New York Times 10 Best Books of 2014.  The Empathy Exams by Leslie Jamison Essays exploring empathy and basic human nature. Winner of the Graywolf Press Nonfiction Prize. If the Tabloids Are True, What Are You by Matthea Harvey  A brilliant combination of poetry and visual artwork.  Song of the Shank by Jeffrey Renard Allen Novel about  Thomas Greene Wiggins, a nineteenth-century slave and improbable musical genius who performed under the name Blind Tom. Lazy Fascist Press The Last Horror Novel in the History of the World by  Brian Allen Carr Short novel set in Scrape, Texas, a nowhere town on the border of Mexico. (Carr is also the author of Motherfucking Sharks, one of my personal favorites.) The Fun We’ve Had by Michael Seidlinger  Two lovers are adrift in a coffin on an endless sea. Who are they? They are him and her. They are you and me. They are rowing to salvage what remains of themselves American Monster by J. S. Breukelaar   Norma, a network operation requiring minimal access, is sent out to bring back the horn of the perfect male. But the longer she stays away, the less she remembers. Melville House The Biographical Dictionary of Literary Failure by C. D. Rose Exactly like the title says.  A Highly Unlikely Scenario, or a Neetsa Pizza Employees Guide to Saving the World by Rachel Cantor Neetsa Pizza complaints hotline operator Leonard may be the key to saving the world.  The Weirdness by Jeremy Bushnell Billy Ridgeway  must decide if he will help a stranger save the world. Complicating matters is the fact that the stranger is Satan. Red or Dead by David Peace I will let Preeti tell you about this one, because its pretty much all shes talked about since she read it.  Adas Algorithm: How Lord Byrons Daughter Ada Lovelace Launched the Digital Age by James Essinger Another one where the title says it all. Badass tech ladies rule. Milkweed Editions  The Sins of Our Fathers by Shawn Lawrence Otto Wonderful debut novel about a blackmailed banker who must decide if he will spy on his neighbor or stand up to his boss.  Bone Map by Sara Eliza Johnson Stark A searing debut poetry collection. New Directions Books  The End of Days by Jenny Erpenbeck  Five “books,” each leading to a different death of an unnamed woman protagonist. Winner of the Hans Fallada prize.  The Trace by Forrest Grander  A Mexican road novel of love, hate, drugs, and the Mexican Revolution.  A Little Lumpen Novelita by Roberto Bolaño One of the first novels  Bolaño ever published, about a young writers fierce ambitions. The New Press  A Theory of the Drone by Grégoire Chamayou Nonfiction exploring the ethical and constitutional questions regarding drone warfare.  Noontide Toll by Romesh Gunesekera A driver for hire learns of the problems of his country as he takes his fares to their destinations. Other Press  The Goddess of Small Victories by Yannick Grannec An unambitious librarian at Princeton in 1980 is tasked with finding files for  one of the more important jobs of her career.  I’ll Be Right There by Kyung-sook Shin  Set in 1980s South Korea amid the tremors of political revolution, a young woman  recounts her tragic personal history as well as those of her three intimate college friends.  The Cold Song by Linn Ullmann A novel about the disintegration of a family on vacation in an idyllic town in Norway, following the disappearance of their daughter. The Overlook Press  Invisible Streets by Toby Ball The third thriller in the City trilogy, a novel of crime and corruption  concerning missing explosives and a radical group. OR Books Tales of Two Cities: The Best and Worst of Times in Today’s New York edited by John Freeman  A mix of fiction and reportage to convey the indignities and heartbreak, the callousness and solidarities, of living side-by-side with people who have a stupefyingly different income. Blood Splatters Quickly: The Collected Stories by Edward Wood, Jr. Short stories by the iconic  Plan 9 from Outer Space director. Pegasus Books  Fatal Harbor by Brendan DuBois The eighth Lewis Cole mystery, this time centering around an anti-nuclear demonstration. Pin Action: Small-Time Gangsters, High-Stakes Gambling, and the Teenage Hustler Who Became a Bowling Champion by Gianmarc Manzione True story of a former small town crook turned championship bowler.  The Art of the English Murder: From Jack the Ripper and Sherlock Holmes to Agatha Christie and Alfred Hitchcock by Lucy Worsley The history of our fascination with the sinister subject of English murder.  In the Company of Sherlock Holmes: Stories Inspired by the Holmes Canon edited by Laurie R. King and Leslie S. Klinger You can deduce the contents of this one on your own. Publishing Genius Press How to Catch a Coyote by Christy Crutchfield The Walkers must piece together the incident that exiled a daughter, separated parents, and left a son to choose sides. Sprezzatura by Mike Young Poems about love and fear and money, about your own devices and stupid contemporary immune systems, about how we know what we know in a confusing era of fleeting information. Sarabande Books  Thrown by Kerry Howley Authors account of the several years she spent studying the brutal world of competitive mixed martial arts fighting.  Praying Drunk by Kyle Minor From Kentucky to Florida to Haiti, these stories enact the struggle to remain physically and spiritually alive throughout an untamable, turbulent world. Short Flight/Long Drive Books Women by Chloe Caldwell A novella about mothers, daughters, sexual identity, heartbreak and hope. Small Beer Press  Young Woman in a Garden: Stories by Delia Sherman Shermans first collection, featuring stories of the fantastical.  Prophecies, Libels, and Dreams: Stories  by Ysabeau S. Wilce Interconnected stories in the  quasi-historical world of Republic of Califa.  Sherwood Nation by Benjamin Parzybok  In drought-stricken Portland, Oregon, a Robin Hood-esque water thief is caught on camera redistributing an illegal truckload of water to those in need. Soho Press  Rainey Royal by Dylan Landis A young teenager tries to navigate her own way in 1970s Greenwich Village.  Last Winter, We Parted by Fuminori Nakamura A did he or didnt he mystery involving a photographer awaiting trial for murder.  The Final Silence by Stuart Neville A young woman makes a horrifying discovery in the house she inherited from her uncle.  Jane and the Twelve Days of Christmas (Being a Jane Austen Mystery) by Stephanie Barron Jane Austen. Christmas murder mystery. Bring it. Solid Objects So I Began by Lisa Lubasch    Lean, expansive, wonderful poems, language is a long nervous filament feeling along thoughtBeckett or Woolf gone maximally internal and grand.   Catherine Wagner A Princess Magic Presto Spell by Lisa Jarnot Lovely poems about small animals and nature, the moon and her dreams. A Strange Object Our Secret Life in the Movies by Michael McGriff and J.M. Tyree Fantastic stories composed by each author following screenings of classic movies. Misadventure by Nicholas Grider  In this debut collection, men search for themselves, for each other, for the sources of sanity and sickness, power and grief. These stories speak frankly about desire and how we are boundâ€"literally and figurativelyâ€"to each other. Subterranean Press  The End of the Sentence by Kat Howard and Maria Dahvana Headley A  fairytale of ghosts and guilt, literary horror blended with the visuals of Jean Cocteau, failed executions, shapeshifting goblins, and magical blacksmithery.  Black Hat Jack by Joe R. Lansdale The true story of Deadwood Dick, disguised in dime-store novels as a white champion of justice and adventure, but in reality a black cowboy, buffalo soldier, Indian fighter, and general hell raiser. Taychon Publications  We Are All Completely Fine by Daryl Gregory Survivors of supernatural horrors and terrifying events form a support group.  The Cutting Room: Dark Reflections on the Silver Screen edited by Ellen Datlow Twenty-three terrifying tales revolving around cinema. Tin House  Us Conductors by Sean Michaels Imagined story of the life of Lev Sergeyvich Termen, inventor of the theremin. Winner of the 2014 Giller Prize.  Loitering: New and Collected Essays by Charles D’Ambrosio No matter his subject Native American whaling, a Pentecostal ?hell house, Mary Kay Letourneau, the work of J. D. Salinger, or, most often, his own family D’Ambrosio approaches each piece with a singular voice and point of view  Sister Golden Hair by Darcy Steinke Girlhood has never been more fraught than in Jesse’s telling, its expectations threatening to turn at any point into delicious risk, or real danger.  The Wilds: Stories by Julia Elliott Without abandoning the tenets of classic storytelling, Elliott revels in lush lyricism, dark humor, and experimental play. Tiny Hardcore Press Dog Men by Alana Noel Voth The coming-of-age stories in Dog Men  cling to you like only the  most personal and upsetting dreams can. Beside Myself by Ashley Farmer Stories about car accidents, cornfields, disappearing siblings, advice-giving river water, disastrous make-up counter jobs and more. Two Dollar Radio  Made to Break by D. Foy A group of friends are forced to confront their past transgressions when a storm leaves them trapped in a cabin.  Crystal Eaters by Shane Jones An allegory, fable, touching family saga, and poetic sci-fi adventure about a young girl who sets out to help her ailing mother.  Ancient Oceans of Central Kentucky by David Connerley Nahm A man shows up claiming to be Leahs long-lost brother, who went missing many years before, forcing her to confront the past. The Absolution of Roberto Acestes Laing by Nicholas Rombes  A journalist tracks down  a rare-film librarian who mysteriously burned his entire stockpile of film canisters and disappeared. Tyrant Books  Preparation for the Next Life by Atticus Lish An unsentimental love story set in New York City between an illegal immigrant and an unstable Iraqi war veteran. Tyrus Books  Of Sea and Cloud by Jon Keller Brothers Bill and Jonah must decide if they want to continue the family legacy of lobstermen after their father is lost at sea.  City of Brick and Shadow by Tim Wirkus Two Mormon missionaries stationed in a dangerous Latin American neighborhood decide to investigate the disappearance of one of the citys citizens. Ugly Ducking Presse Sugar Break by Mager Zaher A  series of poems, accompanied by emails to a nameless lover (or lovers), in which the poet contemplates the possibilities for expressing love and desire within a heavily mediated and constrained language. Blood Makes Me Faint But I Go For It by Natalie Lyalin Natalie Lyalins second book of poems concerns itself with the process of geographic and familial dislocation. Unbridled Books  Toughs by Ed Falco The story of Loretto Jones as he finds his life intertwined with the fate of Vince Coll, a 23-year-old Irish gangster who for a brief moment rose to the level of a national celebrity during his war with Dutch Schultz, Owen Madden, and Lucky Luciano.  Mercy 6 by David Bajo In Bajo’s new medical thriller, four people collapse dead in the same instant within a newly renovated Los Angeles hospital. Dr. Mendenhall, the woman who is head of the emergency room, isnt convinced the cause of death is a contagion. Wave Books Trances of the Blast by Mary Ruefle The poems deliver her imaginative take on the worlds riftsâ€"its paradoxes, failures, and lossâ€"and help us to better appreciate its redeeming strangeness. Red Juice: Poems 1998-2008 by Hoa Nguyen  This collection of early poems by Vietnamese American poet Hoa Nguyen showcases her feminist ecopoetics and unique style, all lyrical in the post-modern tradition. Zest Books  Alice + Freda Forever: A Murder in Memphis by Alexis Coe True story of a young woman who murdered the woman she loved, and the shock  that swept the nation not over the grisly crime, but over the idea of same-sex love.  Tomboy: A Graphic Memoir by Liz Prince A  graphic novel about refusing gender boundaries, yet unwittingly embracing gender stereotypes at the same time, and realizing later in life that you can be just as much of a girl in jeans and a T-shirt as you can in a pink tutu. ____________________ Expand your literary horizons with New Books!, a weekly newsletter spotlighting 3-5 exciting new releases, hand-picked by our very own Liberty Hardy. Sign up now!  

Why Animal Rights Activist Are Against the AKC

The Purina Dog Food Company lists two major dog shows on their website: The Westminster Dog Show and The National Dog Show. In addition to these shows, The American Kennel Club, the AKC, also lists conformation events under their supervision. These shows are about finding a member of each pure breed who conforms to the AKC standard of what they consider the perfect specimen of a breed. Animal rights activists don’t discriminate against the animals they seek to protect.  Their clarion call has always been that they don’t only fight for the rights of the cute and fluffy, but any animal of any species because they believe all animals have a right to exist unimpaired and unencumbered by humans. So why then, would animal rights activists target the AKC? This organization appears to care deeply for the welfare of dogs. For one, the AKC issues â€Å"papers† on any purebred dog, which is a big problem for animal rights activists seeking to stop the sale of puppies from puppy mills. When the retailer shrieks about how their puppies are all â€Å"AKC Purebreds† it makes it difficult to convince consumers that any puppy, no matter where s/he was born, will get an AKC pedigree. That doesnt make the puppy any healthier or more desirable, especially if the puppy is purchased at a pet store. What is a Dog Show? Dog shows are organized around the world by various clubs. In the United States, the most prestigious dog shows are organized by the American Kennel Club. At an AKC dog show, dogs are judged by a set of criteria called  a standard  that is unique to each recognized breed. A dog can be disqualified completely for certain deviations from the standard. For example, the standard for an Afghan Hound includes a height requirement of â€Å"27 inches, plus or minus one inch; bitches, 25 inches, plus or minus one inch, and a weight requirement of â€Å"About 60 pounds; bitches, about 50 pounds. There are also precise requirements for their gait, coat, and the size and shape of the head, tail, and body. As for temperament, an Afghan Hound found with â€Å"sharpness or shyness† is faulted and loses points because they should be â€Å"aloof and dignified, yet gay.† The dog does not even have the liberty to choose his own personality. Some standards even require certain breeds to be mutilated in order to compete. Their tails must be docked and their ear carriage surgically reconstructed. Ribbons, trophies, and points are awarded to the dogs who most closely match the standard for their breed. As dogs  accumulate  points, they can attain champion status and qualify for higher level shows, culminating in the annual Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show. Only purebred, intact (not spayed or neutered) dogs are allowed to compete. The purpose of these points and shows is to ensure that only the finest specimens of the breeds be allowed to procreate, thereby bettering the breed with each new generation.   The Breeding Problem The most obvious problem with dog shows is that they encourage breeding, both directly and indirectly. As explained on the American Kennel Clubs  website, Spayed or neutered dogs are not eligible to compete in conformation classes at a dog show, because the purpose of a dog show is to evaluate breeding stock. The shows create a culture based on breeding, showing and selling dogs, in the pursuit of a champion. With  three to four million  cats and dogs killed in shelters every year, the last thing we need is more breeding. The more reputable or responsible breeders will take back any dog the purchaser does not want, at any time during the dogs life, and some argue that they do not contribute to overpopulation because all of their dogs are wanted. To animal rights activists, a responsible breeder is a contradiction because anyone breeding is not responsible enough to help keep the population in check and is, in fact, responsible for the births and deaths of unwanted dogs. If  fewer people bred their dogs, there would be fewer dogs for sale and more people would adopt from shelters. Breeders also create a demand for the dogs and their breed through advertising and by simply by putting them on the market. Furthermore, not everyone who wants to surrender a purebred dog will return to the breeder. Approximately  25 percent of shelter dogs are purebred. The AKC website listing breed rescue groups  is not about adopting or rescuing a dog, but about information about the purebred rescue. Nothing on the page promotes adopting or rescuing dogs. Instead of encouraging adoption and rescue, their page on rescue groups tries to redirect the public to their breeder search page, breeder referral page, and online breeder classifieds. Every dog purchased from a breeder or pet store is a vote for more breeding and a death sentence for a dog in a shelter. While dog show participants care about the welfare of their dogs, they seem to care little about the millions of dogs who are not theirs. As one AKC judge stated, â€Å"If it’s not a purebred dog, it’s a mutt, and mutts are worthless.† Purebred Dogs Animal rights activists object to promoting purebred dogs, not only  because it encourages breeding and inbreeding, but also because it implies these dogs are more desirable than others. Without dog shows, there would be less of a demand for dogs who have a certain pedigree or conform to an artificial set of physical specifications that are considered ideal for each breed. As breeders strive to meet the standard for their breed, inbreeding is common and expected. Breeders know that if a certain desirable trait runs through a bloodline, breeding two blood relatives who have that trait will bring out that trait. However, inbreeding also amplifies other traits, including health problems. One study suggests that mutts are considered the healthiest of all. Purebreds, however,  are known to have  health issues, either due to inbreeding or due to the very standards of the breed. Brachycephalic breeds such as bulldogs cannot mate or give birth naturally because of breathing issues. Female bulldogs must be artificially inseminated and give birth via C-section. Flat-Coated Retrievers are prone to cancer, and half of all Cavalier King Charles Spaniels suffer from mitral valve disease. Because of their breed standards and the need to categorize dogs into different breeds and groups, dog shows give the impression that purebred dogs are more desirable than mixed-breed dogs. Even the word pure in purebred implies something disturbing, and some activists have equated breed standards with racism and  eugenics  in humans. Animal rights activists believe that every dog, no matter their breed or health issues, should be valued and cared for. No animal is worthless. All animals have worth. This article was updated and re-written in part by Animal Rights Expert, Michelle A. Rivera.

Effects of War since 9/11 - 1124 Words

The idea of war, just war, wars of aggression or any of the innumerable ways humans convey and justify war is certain an intangible. War has been part of human society for thousands of years, and it is unlikely that some sort of cultural or human conflict will ever be completely erased (Brodie, 1974, p. 276). One very standard definition of war states that it is a quarrel between nations conducted by force - essentially derived when two groups are unable to communicate reasonably and meaningfully and also when a group or individuals nature is collectively aggressive or violent, encouraging war for oppressive purposes. (Somerville, 1975, p. 199). Historically, it was often easier to define what war meant, but as we the 20th century changed the economic, cultural and political structure of the world, the idea of well-defined war becomes murky (Horgan, 2008). One obvious commonality throughout the historical record is the justification and/or cause of conflict. Points of view differ, bu t there is always a publicly justifiable reason for cultures to make war upon each other. Thus, in the late 20th century, the continual purchase of weaponry, the continual development of new ways to destroy, and the continual fight for militaristic superiority has taken on a life of its own. When one couples this with the fervor of religion, or the perception that a culture or way of life is at stake, the necessary checks and balances set up after World War II are no longer effective. As theShow MoreRelatedThe United States Economic Crisis1332 Words   |  6 PagesOver a decade into the War on Terror, the U.S. has largely succeeded in its attempts to destabilize Al-Qaeda and eliminate its leaders. In the writing Manhunt by Jonathan H. Cody, he states that these accomplishments didn’t come without a price; in fact the cost was enormous, and our nations decisions on how to finance it have profoundly damaged the U.S. economy. 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Historical Background and Status Free Essays

string(82) " of controlled cloth by the mills sector dampened the spirit of the mills sector\." Historical background and status of textile engineering industry By: S. Chakrabarty Preamble Industrial Revolution in U. K. We will write a custom essay sample on Historical Background and Status or any similar topic only for you Order Now during 1750 – 1850 gave birth to Textile Machinery. The dominance of India in the field of cotton textiles produced by very skilled manpower was disturbing the British. Systematic development of textile industry with spinning and powerloom machinery was initiated in Lancashire and Manchester to discourage the Indian weavers. Rest is however known to everybody how the machinery industry was developed and nurtured by the respective Governments in the UK and later by Germany and Switzerland followed by others in Europe. In India, machinery manufacture started in the 50s, continued and progressed during 60s 70s and thereafter. The Government policy to ban expansion of the organized weaving sector during late 60s created/ supported the decentralized powerloom sector. Too much of importance to handlooms and low level technology power looms in the subsequent years, keeping a large list of reserved items for handlooms, throttled the mill industry which lost its initiative for creativity as well as production for the masses. Low level of production in handlooms and low quality production in powerlooms made us uncompetitive in the subsequent years. The Government’s regulative pressures on the Mill Industry continued to play havoc for the weaving industry till the introduction of 1985 Textile Policy and finally revolutionary Industrial Policy in 1991. Development and technology growth in the TEI The Textile Engineering Industry (TEI) during the late 60s, 70s and 80s had received some Government support in the form of foreign collaboration approvals, import assistance by way of phased manufacturing programme and concessional customs duty certification for imported parts and components for manufacture of specified textile machinery. Import duty on components and parts in general was very high at 85% excluding CVD and not conducive for indigenous development. The concessional duty on imported parts, components etc. mentioned above did help the Industry. The then Government’s policy was also supportive that no import of machinery was allowed if there was adequate indigenous production. The local textile industry therefore had no choice but to buy the Indian machinery. This policy helped the TEI to develop and manufacture spinning machinery in the country of the desired quality and quantity. There was no competition from outsider. Internal competition among various players made the development easier and faster. Foreign manufacturers had no choice but to enter into collaborations with local manufacturers. This happened not only in spinning but also in processing machinery. The following collaborations are worth mentioning: Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Names of Foreign Collaborators M/s. Textile Machinery Makers Ltd. U. K. , Platt Bros. , U. K. M/s. Whitin Machine Works, U. S. A. M/s. Howa, Japan M/s. Zinser, Germany M/s. Marzoli, Italy M/s. Hispani Suiza (Suisse) S. A. , Switzerland M/s. Rieter, Switzerland M/s. Schubert Salzer, Germany Names of Indian Manufacturers M/s. National Machinery Mfrs. Ltd. , Bombay* M/s. M M C. , Calcutta M/s. Texmaco, Calcutta* M/s. Texmaco, Calcutta* M/s. M M C, Bangalore* M/s. Indequip Engineering Ltd. , Ahmedabad M/s. LMW, Coimbatore M/s. New Standard Engg. Items Produced Spinning – Cards, Draw Frame, Speed Frame, Ring Frame Spinning – Carding Engines and RH Can Fed Inter Frames Spinning – Flat Revolving Carding Engines, Draw Frame, Speed Frames Spinning – Narrow Gauge Ring Frame Spinning – Entire Range Spinning – Ring Frame Spinning – Entire range Spinning – Blow Room, Cards, 9. M/s. Zinser, Germany M/s. Trutzschler, Germany M/s. Toyota, Japan 10 11 2 M/s. Suessen, Germany * Presently not in operation Co. Ltd. , Mumbai* M/s. Padmatex Engg. , Baroda* M/s. Trumac, Ahmedabad M/s. Kirloskar Toyoda Textile Machinery Pvt. Ltd. , Bangalore M/s. Suessen Asia, Pune Draw Frames Spinning – H. S. Draw Frame Spinning – Blow Room, Cards, Draw F rames Spinning – Ring Frame Spinning – Ring Frame Due to acute and long recession in the Textile Industry, initial higher import content coupled with high rate of import duty, non-transfer of latest technology under collaboration agreements leading to import of machinery etc. , the following Indian Companies were closed down during 80s and early 90s. These are M/s. MMC, Kolkata and Bangalore; M/s. Texmaco, Kolkata; M/s. Indequip Engineering, Ahmedabad; M/s. New Standard Engg. Co. Ltd. , Mumbai; M/s. Mafatlal Engg. Co. Ltd. Mumbai; M/s. Textool Co. Ltd. , Coimbatore; M/s. Jeetstex Engg. Ltd. Coimbatore etc. while M/s. LMW, M/s. Trumac, M/s. Zinser India, M/s. Suessen Asia, M/s. Kirloskar Toyoda could manage to stay in production. Why we are better in spinning machinery? There was Government support by way of†¢ †¢ †¢ Restricted import of spinning machinery – virtually no import of spinning machinery of the same technology available indigenously was allowed. No import of second hand spinning machinery was allowed. Import duty concession on raw materials, parts, components accessories for production of specified machinery as the import duty in general, was very high. Besides, competition among the machinery manufacturers resulted in production of better quality machines. Reasons for non-development in the Weaving Machinery Sector While the Textile Engineering Industry took up manufacturing of Spinning machinery in full swing with the adequate Government’s supportive measures mentioned above, the same did not happen in case of weaving machinery. During 60s (prior to 1970) the Industrial Policy prohibited the organized mill sector to expand their weaving capacity. This was perhaps to support employment generation in the villages by the decentralized and dispersed handloom sector. It was due to this wrong policy, the unauthorized powerloom clusters started gaining grounds. Even many of the handloom clusters started converting into powerlooms. Since the domestic demand for fabrics was growing fast due to the population growth, the powerloom sector in different parts of the country started growing fast while the handloom sector started shrinking in reality. The fact is still not accepted by the Government). Today, there are over 20 lakh powerlooms but handlooms, may not be more than 8 lakh, if not less! During 70s the organized mill sector was allowed to replace ordinary powerlooms by automatic looms and shuttleless looms on 4:1 basis. However, compulsory manufacture of controlled cloth by the mills sector dampened the spirit of the mills sector. You read "Historical Background and Status" in category "Essay examples" Controlled cloth scheme was done away with during 80s. Expectation of a good demand due to replacement policy prompted the manufacture of automatic looms by M/s. Cimmco, Gwalior in collaboration with M/s. Sakamoto, Japan and M/s. Mafatlal Engineering Co. in collaboration with M/s. Ruti, Switzerland during 70s. In the late 70s M/s. Lakshmi Automatic Loom Works Ltd. (LALW) started manufacturing Ruti `C’ Type of automatic loom in collaboration with M/s. Ruti, Switzerland. M/s. Cimmco as well as M/s. Mafatlal Engineering Co. tried to manufacture shuttleless looms in collaboration with M/s. Dornier, Germany, Toyoda, Japan and M/s. SACM, France respectively during early 80s. M/s. LALW also started making shuttleless rapier and airjet looms during 80s. During 80s, the powerloom population which was hardly 7 lakh had grown to more than 10 lakhs. The policy of scrapping of powerlooms of the mill industry after replacement or closure failed miserably, all these powerlooms found their way to the decentralized sector. The Government had no option but to regularize all unauthorised powerlooms due to political pressure after announcement of 1985 Textile Policy and subsequent Textile Control Order 1986, doing away with the age old powerloom permit system. The textile strike during 1980s crippled the Textile mill industry in Mumbai and Maharashtra. During this period the composite structure of the mill industry broke almost completely. While the spinning sector prospered with the modern machinery, the number of working looms in the organized mills sector shrunk considerably and most of the mills found it profitable to close down their weaving section due to bad market condition, high cost of labour, low productivity and tough competition from the powerloom sector. As a result, there was practically no demand for the shuttleless looms manufactured by the two Companies mentioned above which prompted them to close down their shutters one by one. In the meantime, due to the pressure from the decentralized powerloom sector the Government was forced to allow import of second hand weaving machinery which added to the woes of indigenous manufacturers of shuttleless looms. M/s. LALW also had to discontinue the production of shuttleless looms subsequently. During 80s and upto 1991 there was protective market for spinning and processing machinery but not for the weaving machinery due to high production cost and import of second hand looms. Initiatives discouraged after liberalization The Industrial Policy announced in 1991 liberalised the Industry in general to a considerable extent. The market became open to the foreign manufacturers and there was tough competition. The spinning machinery makers came of age technologywise and capacitywise and there was also very high demand for spinning machinery. The weaving machinery could not prosper due to the onslaught of import of second hand machinery. There was no restriction on import of second hand weaving machinery before and after 1991. After 1992, there was no support of the Government either for development of weaving machinery or any other textile machinery. In this regard, the only commendable fact was that we became self-sufficient in Weaving Preparatory Machinery viz. High Speed Sectional Warping, Direct Warping and Sizing matching with world class technology. M/s. Rabatex Industries, Ahmedabad; M/s. Prashant Gamatex Pvt. Ltd. , Ahmedabad, M/s. Amritlakshmi Machine Works, Mumbai and M/s. Jupiter Engineering Co. , Ahmedabad are the most reputed domestic manufacturers. This could happen because there was less import of second hand machinery and the cost differential between domestic and imported machinery was large and the machines were custom built. The indigenous shuttleless looms (older technology) which have been developed during the late 90s and early 2000, however, could not find a good market due to the adverse policy of the Government i. e. import of second hand shuttleless looms under concessional duty and also under concessional rate of interest under TUF. The situation continues. However, indigenous machinery manufacturers viz. M/s. Aalidhra Weavetech Pvt. Ltd. , Surat; M/s. Bhavin Sales Corporation, Surat; M/s. Dynamic Loom Mfg. Co. , Ahmedabad; M/s. Dinkier Sokerjee Machines, Surat; M/s. Friends Engg. Works, Panipat; M/s. Himson Textile Engg. Inds. Pvt. Ld. ; Surat; M/s. Industrial Engg. Works, Bangalore; M/s. Lakshmi Automatic Loom Works Ltd. , Coimbatore; M/s. Laxmi Textile Stores, Ahmedabad; M/s. Lifebond Machines Pvt. Ltd. , Surat etc. have developed and are producing crank beat up type shuttleless looms with a speed between 450 – 500 mpm. All latest generation shuttleless looms i. e. Airjet, Waterjet, Projectile Rapier of European and Japanese origin are high speed, high tech, high productive and energy efficient running at a speed of 500 rpm and above. This machinery, though at a higher cost, is economically viable due to its quality and productivity, cost of fabric per meter being less than second hand machinery. Since last 4/5 years, all new large textile units as well as existing reputed textile units expanding capacity had been importing these kinds of machinery to make them commercially viable, e. g. Alok Industries, Welspun, GHCL, Vardhman Group, Century, Raymonds, etc. Therefore, machinery, if made/developed indigenously need to be cost competitive in all respects and cost of production per meter of fabric should be same or less with equivalent quality standard. Then only the manufacturing would be viable and accepted by the Mill Industry/ Organized Sector. Unless there are disincentives for second hand machinery, there is no hope that the decentralized powerloom sector would go in for new machinery. Processing Finishing Machinery Sector The history of the processing machinery manufacturing sector was somewhat different. During 70s and 80s there were a number of foreign collaborations : M/s. Mather Platt, U. K. M/s. Reggiani, Italy M/s. Stork, Holland M/s. Gerber, M/s. Menzel and M/s. Eduard Kusters, Germany Mather Platt (I) Ltd. * SBM Engg. * ATE (Stovec/Stormac*) Calico Indl. Engineers* M/s. Artos Benninger, Germany M/s. Famatex, Germany M/s. Obermeaier, Germany M/s. Toshin Kogyo, Japan * Presently not in operation T. Maneklal* Famatex India Ltd. * Dalal Engg. Star Indl. Engg. * Some Companies developed machinery by copying the imported technology viz. M/s. Harish Textile Engineers, M/s. SM Engg. etc. As mentioned earlier, composite structure of the textile industry broke in Europe during 70s. The same happened in India during 80s. This affected the processing sector. While spinning industry became more organized, competitive and export- worthy, the weaving and processing sectors became uncompetitive, decentralized and export unworthy. Since the Government encouraged low technology for the weaving sector (handlooms and ordinary powerlooms), the organized weaving sector in the mill industry could not come up. Similarly, the decentralized processing sector, which started with second hand machinery from the composite mill industry, did not modernize the units in course of time. The domestic manufacturers which had ollaboration prior to 1991 could not continue with their collaborators after 1991 as the market became open and the foreign manufacturers found it easier to market their machines in India rather than making the same under collaboration. During 80s as well as 90s strenuous efforts were put in by some of the Companies to develop machinery by way of re-engineering. Some of them became successful. However, some of the Companies had to close dow n their shutters due to tough competition in the open market after 1991. Many manufacturing units came into existence to produce low technology cheap machinery to bridge the gap between demand and supply. This had resulted in manufacture of poor quality machines and poor quality processing of textiles thereof. The encouragement given by the Government to the hand processing sector was misused and low technology prevailed. The prominent processing machinery makers who developed quality machines during 80s and 90s were: 1. M/s. Calico Indl. Engineers, Mumbai* 2. M/s. Dalal Engg. Pvt. Ltd. , Mumbai 3. M/s. Devrekha Engineers, Surat 4. M/s. Harish Textile Engineers Ltd. , Mumbai 5. M/s. Mather Platt (I) Ltd. , Mumbai* 6. M/s. Primatex Machinery Ltd. , Mumbai* 7. M/s. SLM Maneklal Ind. Ltd. , Mumbai* 8. M/s. SM Energy Electronics, Mumbai 9. M/s. Standard Fabricators (I) Pvt. Ltd. , Mumbai 10. M/s. Stovec Industries Ltd. , Ahmedabad 11. M/s. Texprint Engineers Pvt. Ltd. , Ahmedabad * Presently not in operation In the latter half of 90s again saw acute demand recession from the Textile Industry which continued upto 2002. During this period the Textile Engineering Industry started looking beyond the domestic demand. Export which was never more than Rs. 100 crore until 1988-89 started increasing and reached the level of Rs. 406 crore during 2002-03. There were exports of spinning as well as processing machinery. Some of the manufacturers could compete with the European manufacturers in processing machinery abroad with their high quality machines. Improved Demand The demand for textile machinery started picking up slowly after 2002 as the Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme became popular by then. The Textile Industry was also expecting a better market after the st liberalized Quota Free Regime under WTO from 1 January, 2005. Major demand for machinery started after 2004 which has prompted the Textile Engineering Industry to increase its production from the level of Rs. ,341 crore during 2003-04 to Rs. 2,780 crore during 2006-07. However, this happened mainly in spinning machinery and weaving preparatory machinery and to some extent in weaving and processing machinery. The weaving and processing machinery sectors though increased their capacity to a considerable extent, has a long way to go. The processing sector started competing with foreign manufacturers since 1991 though sporadically. They have improved their technology and their machines are now capable of producing fault free processed fabrics in short as well as continuous lots. The domestic demand for such machinery has also increased. M/s. Dhall Enterprises Engineers Pvt. Ltd. , Ahmedabad, M/s. Harish Enterprises Pvt. Ltd. , Mumbai, M/s. Tex-Fab Engineers (India) Pvt. Ltd. , Navi Mumbai produced continuous dyeing plants with latest technology for long length of fabric processing which are running successfully in the mills. The following manufacturers have exported their processing machines and earned a good name: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. M/s. Dalal Engineering Pvt. Ltd. , Mumbai M/s. Devrekha Exports (Bhagyarekha Engineers Pvt. Ltd. ), Surat M/s. Dhall Enterprises Engineers Pvt. Ltd. , Ahmedabad M/s. Harish Enterprise Pvt. Ltd. , Mumbai M/s. Kusters Calico Machinery (P) Ltd. , Vadodara M/s. Lakshmi Card Clothing Mfg. Co. Pvt. Ltd. , Coimbatore M/s. Yamuna Machine Works Pvt. Ltd. , Mumbai These manufacturers are in a position to make many high quality processing machines and compete with foreign manufacturers. Knitting/Hosiery Machinery Knitting/Hosiery Industry as well as Garment Industry was reserved for the small scale sector. Both these sectors thrived initially with imported second hand machinery. Both Woven Garment and Hosiery Garment put together the total export of the country was only Rs. 5 crore during 1970-71. The exports increased to Rs. 500 crore in 1980 and today it is above Rs. 17,000 crore, thanks to the removal of quota shackles under WTO, implemented by the Government couple of years back. Decentralised character of the Garment industry did not enthuse the TEI to take up the manufacture of knitting machinery. As such this sector remained neglected altogether. Some efforts were made to manufacture knitting machinery by two Companies viz. M/s. Lakshmi Automatic Loom Works Ltd. , Coimbatore and M/s. Himson Textile Engineering Industries Pvt. Ltd. , Surat in late 80s. However, after liberalization of the Industrial Policy in 1991, imported machines became cheaper technology wise than the Indian machines due to which obviously there was no demand. Therefore, manufacture of knitting machinery had to be discontinued. Testing Monitoring Equipments Sector As regards the Testing Monitoring equipments are concerned, the textile industry was dependent on imported testing and monitoring equipments in 60s and early 70s. The Textile Engineering Industry started developing such testing monitoring equipments in the late 70s and today all kinds of high quality latest generation testing and monitoring equipments are being manufactured in the country. Some of the items are: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Air Jet Weaving Machine Controller Centralised Computerised Operation of Group of dyeing Machines with Dyeing Data Management Software Package Fully Automatic High Volume Fibre Tester for Length, Strength, Micronaire, Colour, Trash and Maturity module Multi-Channel Pre-Set Yarn Length Indicator Controller for Winding/Texturising/TFO Machines with Software Package Yarn Evenness Tester Some names of the Companies manufacturing different categories of such instruments are under:†¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Paramount Instruments Pvt. Ltd. Pioneer Instruments Innovations Premier Evolvics Pvt. Ltd. Semitronik Instruments Tex Lab Industries Thymas Electronic Pvt. Ltd. Growth of the Parts Accessories Sector The growth of the textile industry along the length and breadth of the country initiated the manufacture of parts and accessories for their machinery. Today, barring a few critical items of equipments and accessories lmost all kinds of parts and accessories of high quality are manufactured in the country. The number of such manufacturers could be around 800. Some of the important items manufactured here are: Blow Room beaters, card clothing, cross-roll attachment for cards, top rollers for high speed draw frame, flyers for speed frames, rings, spindles, inserts, cots and aprons and variable drives for ring frame, production of monitoring data in spinning and weaving online quality checking systems, cloth guides, web straighteners in processing, etc. etc. The TEI not only fulfills the demand for spares from the domestic textile industry but also exports its products to Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Far East, Europe, America and other countries as well. The following table shows data on production of Textile Machinery Parts Accessories during the last 15 years: Year 1985-86 1990-91 1999-2000 2004-05 2006-07 Rs. in Crores 83. 43 208. 59 288. 79 276. 44 339. 68 Synthetic Yarn and Fabric Processing Machinery Sector Synthetic weaving sector of the textile industry which was scattered in different parts of the country in early 70s became localized in Surat, Bhiwandi, Belgaum. During 80s and 90s the synthetic sector was dominantly established in and around Surat, Gujarat. This simultaneously necessitated the development of synthetic yarn and fabric processing machinery. As a result the Textile Engineering Industry located in and around Surat and Mumbai developed draw texturising machines, draw twisters, two-for-one twisters for filament yarn, zero-twist filament sizing machines, rewinders, precision cone winding machines, etc. etc. More successful manufacturers are M/s. Himson Textile Engineering Industries Pvt. Ltd. , M/s. Aalidhra Textile Engineers Pvt. Ltd. Meera Industries, etc. The synthetic mechanical processing machinery was being imported during 70s and 80s. However, with the development of such machinery indigenously, we are not only catering to the domestic demand but also exporting the same. More and more developments are taking place due to the demand for such machinery. Conclusion Thus the Textile Engineering Industry could develop all types o f textile machinery except garment machinery, high speed sophisticated knitting machinery, high speed shuttleless loom (rapier and air jet) and some of the latest generation processing and finishing machinery. The reasons for not developing these machinery have been categorically explained in the foregoing paras. What the TEI expects and aspires Under the above background it is felt that there is a real need to develop and manufacture all kinds of textile machinery in the country as per the existing and expected demand. Government should encourage these efforts and should come forward to help this Rs. 3,000- 4,000-crore capacity industry in a comprehensive and systematic manner with short and long term policy measures. It should take note of the developments of textile machinery made by China during the last 10 years. What China did? 1. Forced the foreign manufacturers to start manufacturing their brands in China by not allowing the import of machines from abroad. 2. Financed the domestic manufacturers for setting up the complete plants with large capacities. 3. No second hand machinery import 4. Incentives given for replacement of old machinery with new machinery. Incidentally, it may be mentioned that China had 6 lakhs ordinary powerlooms/automatic looms prior to 2002. Today, they have shuttleless looms (2, 50, 000 to 3,00,000 approx. ). There may be few ordinary powerlooms in villages and automatic shuttle looms in some corners. No estimate of such looms is available. They have installed large machinery manufacturing capacities and are also exporting all kinds of textile machinery at a cheaper price. Therefore, the following measures are needed to improve the present condition of the Indian TEI A) Policy Measures †¢ †¢ Scheme for Modernisation, technology upgradation and productivity advancement of the Textile Engineering Industry (TEI). The interest remission under the scheme should be 5% with one time 10% Capital Subsidy over above interest remission (Similar Schemes are available for the Textile Industry). Scheme to support Research Development. o o †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Suitable capital grants and annual recurring grants for the existing R Centre at IIT, Powai, Mumbai. Suitable capital grants for the R Institutions located at Surat, Ahmedabad, Coimbatore, Delhi, Panipat and Ludhiana willing to take up R for textile machinery. Capital grant for indigenous development of machinery to the new projects as well as existing projects which got delayed due to lack of funds. Tax break/holiday for the manufacture of High Speed Shuttlelesss Looms/High-tech processing and finishing machinery for a period of five years. To allow import of complete sophisticated machinery in CKD/ SKD condition at concessional rate of import duty for a minimum period of three years without any restrictions for manufacturing textile machinery under collaboration/joint venture/import of designs and drawings or by way of reengineering. Ban import of machinery where similar technology machines are available indigenously e. g. shuttleless rapier loom â€Å"crank beat-up type†, water jet Looms (800 rpm) etc. Import of textile machinery in second hand condition should not be allowed under the Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme/20% CLCS Scheme. Ban on import of second hand shuttleless looms with weft insertion rate less than 800 mtrs. per minute. Revival of TIFAC scheme for development of textile machinery with 90% loan component and softer rate of interest of 3%. B) Fiscal Measures †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Reduction of excise duty from 14% to 8% Excise duty on parts, components and accessories of the machines be reduced to 8%. Maintaining the floor level customs duty on textile machinery at 7. 5% without any exemptions Uniform rate of customs duty for complete machinery and raw materials, parts, components accessories Uniform treatment to the domestic suppliers of machinery to EPCG license holders. 150% weighted Income Tax deduction for R expenditure made by the Textile Engineering units. If the above measures are taken seriously, the TEI aspires to make available modern machinery and equipment both in quantum and quality to meet the future needs of the textile industry at short delivery periods coupled with effective and prompt after-sales-service. About the Author: The author is the Secretary of The Textile Machinery Manufactures Association. How to cite Historical Background and Status, Essay examples

Shakespeares King Lear Essays (1851 words) - King Lear, Goneril

Shakespeare's King Lear Shakespeare's King Lear Shakespeare's tragedy King Lear is a detailed description of the consequences of one man's decisions. This fictitious man is Lear, King of England, who's decisions greatly alter his life and the lives of those around him. As Lear bears the status of King he is, as one expects, a man of great power but sinfully he surrenders all of this power to his daughters as a reward for their demonstration of love towards him. This untimely abdication of his throne results in a chain reaction of events that send him through a journey of hell. King Lear is a metaphorical description of one man's journey through hell in order to expiate his sin. As the play opens one can almost immediately see that Lear begins to make mistakes that will eventually result in his downfall. The very first words that he speaks in the play are :- "...Give me the map there. Know that we have divided In three our kingdom, and 'tis our fast intent To shake all cares and business from our age, Conferring them on younger strengths while we Unburdened crawl to death..." (Act I, Sc i, Ln 38-41) This gives the reader the first indication of Lear's intent to abdicate his throne. He goes on further to offer pieces of his kingdom to his daughters as a form of reward to his test of love. "Great rivals in our youngest daughter's love, Long in our court have made their amorous sojourn, And here are to be answered. Tell me, my daughters (Since now we will divest us both of rule, Interest of territory, cares of state), Which of you shall we say doth love us most? That we our largest bounty may extend where nature doth with merit challenge." (Act I, Sc i, Ln 47-53) This is the first and most significant of the many sins that he makes in this play. By abdicating his throne to fuel his ego he is disrupts the great chain of being which states that the King must not challenge the position that God has given him. This undermining of God's authority results in chaos that tears apart Lear's world. Leaving him, in the end, with nothing. Following this Lear begins to banish those around him that genuinely care for him as at this stage he cannot see beyond the mask that the evil wear. He banishes Kent, a loyal servant to Lear, and his youngest and previously most loved daughter Cordelia. This results in Lear surrounding himself with people who only wish to use him which leaves him very vulnerable attack. This is precisely what happens and it is through this that he discovers his wrongs and amends them. Following the committing of his sins, Lear becomes abandoned and estranged from his kingdom which causes him to loose insanity. While lost in his grief and self-pity the fool is introduced to guide Lear back to the sane world and to help find the lear that was ounce lost behind a hundred Knights but now is out in the open and scared like a little child. The fact that Lear has now been pushed out from behind his Knights is dramatically represented by him actually being out on the lawns of his castle. The terrified little child that is now unsheltered is dramatically portrayed by Lear's sudden insanity and his rage and anger is seen through the thunderous weather that is being experienced. All of this contributes to the suffering of Lear due to the gross sins that he has committed. The pinnacle of this hell that is experienced be Lear in order to repay his sins is at the end of the play when Cordelia is killed. Lear says this before he himself dies as he cannot live without his daughter. "Howl, howl, howl! O, you are men of stones. Had I your tongues and eyes, I'd use them so That heaven's vault should crack. She's gone for ever! I know when one is dead, and when one lives. She's dead as earth. Lend me a looking glass. If that her breath will mist or stain the stone, Why, then she lives." (Act V, Sc iii, Ln 306-312) All of this pain that Lear suffered is traced back to the single most important error that he made. The choice to give up his throne. This one sin has proven to have massive repercussions upon Lear and the lives of those around him eventually killing almost all of those who were involved. And one is left to ask one's self if a single wrong turn

Flat Feet and Fallen Arches essays

Flat Feet and Fallen Arches essays Flat feet (also known as over-pronation, Pes planovalgus, Fallen arches, or Pronation of feet) can effect one or both feet and is a common biomechanical problem that occurs in the walking process when a person's arch collapses upon weight bearing. This motion can cause extreme stress or inflammation on the plantar fascia, potentially causing severe discomfort and At birth, all feet look flat because an arch hasn't yet formed and don't form until the age of 2 or 3. Most flat feet are caused during your youth because of the loose joint connections and the baby fat between the foot bones. These conditions make the arch fall when standing up. This is why you sometimes hear flat feet called "fallen arches." Some of the symptoms of flat feet include the absence of the longitudinal arch of the foot when standing or lifting the toe; Pain in the foot region; and the heel tilts away from the midline of the body more than usual. This is called over- pronation and can be directly associated with flat feet because the framework of the foot begins to collapse, causing the foot to flatten and adding stress to other parts of the foot. Even though complications of fallen arches consist mainly of pain, over-pronation often leads to Plantar Fasciitis, Heel Spurs, Metatarsalgia, Post-tib Other causes consist of obesity, pregnancy or repetitive pounding on a hard surface which can weaken the arch causing it to fall. Usually people with flat feet do not feel pain at first, and some never suffer from any discomfort at all. However, when symptoms develop and become painful, walking becomes a difficult task and causes increased strain on the feet and calves. Sometimes, pain in the lower back can accumulate do to the stress from the arches. ...

Happy Friendship Day Quotes

Happy Friendship Day Quotes Whatever your age, don’t feel embarrassed to wish your best friends, Happy Friendship Day. It does not matter whether you are 16 or 60. Friendship Day is a celebration of a relationship that has been nurtured over the years. Everybody needs a friend. Recall your fondest memories: the time you shared a laugh with friends in the school cafeteria. Or the time you whispered your darkest secrets to your friend, after making her take a solemn oath of secrecy. When is Friendship Day? Every year International Friendship Day is celebrated on the first Sunday of August. However, according to UN resolution A/65/L.72, passed on April 27, 2011, International Friendship Day has been shifted to July 30. Therefore, instead of celebrating Friendship Day on the first Sunday of August every year, we will now celebrate it on a fixed date: July 30. But friendships are forever, right? How can a change of date diminish the bond? If you believe in a ceremonial celebration of friendship, what better occasion than Friendship Day to reconnect with old ties, patch up differences, and make new friends? Make the most of Friendship Day by acknowledging your true friends. Raise a glass to honor those who stuck to you through thick and thin. Gift your best friends a memorable day, filled with fun, games, and laughter. Quotes for Friendship Day Reach out to distant friends, and strike a chord with some friendship quotes. Geographical boundaries melt away when friends get together. Have you lost touch with some of your best friends? Get in touch with them through popular social networking sites. Say, Happy Friendship Day! to your friends. James BoswellA companion loves some agreeable qualities, which a man may possess, but a friend loves the man himself.Eustace BudgellFriendship is a strong and habitual inclination in two persons to promote the good and happiness of one another.CiceroFriendship makes prosperity more brilliant, and lightens adversity by dividing and sharing it.Charles Caleb ColtonTrue friendship is like sound health; the value of it is seldom known until it be lostRalph Waldo EmersonEvery man passes his life in the search after friendship.Ralph Waldo EmersonA friend may well be reckoned the masterpiece of nature.EpicurusWe do not so much need the help of our friends as the confidence of their help in need.Thomas HuxleyFriendship involves man things but, above all the power of going outside oneself and appreciating what is noble and loving in another.Lois L. KaufmanPlant a seed of friendship; reap a bouquet of happiness.John EvelynFriendship is the golden thread that ties the heart of all the world. Baltasar GracianFriendship multiplies the good of life and divides the evil.Dag HammarskjoldFriendship needs no words.Henry David ThoreauThe most I can do for my friend is simply to be his friend. I have no wealth to bestow on him. If he knows that I am happy in loving him, he will want no other reward. Is not friendship divine in this?James Fennimore Cooper Friendship that flows from the heart cannot be frozen by adversity, as the water that flows from the spring cannot congeal in winter.James Francis ByrnesFriendship without self-interest is one of the rare and beautiful things in life.

Coursework in financial reporting & corporate governance Essay

Coursework in financial reporting & corporate governance - Essay Example The emergence of the concept of corporate governance can be attributed to certain events in the recent past which have shaken the business world. Accounting frauds such as Arthur Anderson, Enron, Satyam and World Com etc in the last decade resulted in loss of shareholder in the way the companies are governed. These disclosures along with the dot com bust which itself had its own share of corporate mis-governance made people loose confidence in the stock markets and the way that the companies are governed. The resulting market fall along with the tremendous impact on the society (loss of jobs, and damage to customers, and financiers) made it necessary to have a systemic framework which shall define the working of a public listed company. More recently, the financial slowdown of 2008-09 has once again raised concern over the governance of such large organizations. The greed to make profits while ignoring risks involved and the eventual loss to the society has made it necessary to have a strong board of directors which has the complete knowledge of the companys operations, policies and business. In a nutshell, the following reasons can be listed for the growth in importance of Corporate Governance: There have been many steps in setting out the standard for safeguarding the interests of the society and stop the occurrence of happenings like the Enron, Maxwell Communications and so on. Amongst the first one was the Cadbury report titled â€Å"Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance† published in the year 2002 (The Committee on the Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance, 1992). Subsequent standards were set up in the form of OECD Principles of Corporate Governance in the year 1999 and the Guidance on Good Practices in Corporate Governance Disclosure. British Airways (BA) and British Petroleum (BP) are the two large UK plcs that we will be comparing for the purpose of this paper. British

Child Abuse Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Child Abuse Paper - Essay Example (Roberts) It is both shocking and disheartening that the abuse of children, despite the legal sanctions in place in every part of the world, is still so rampant. This paper will attempt to discuss the history of child abuse, the different forms of the crime and the punishment set for abusers. Historical Background Throughout history, children have been abused and neglected. This is said to be a result of the low value placed on children. (Weisberg) The maltreatment of children has its roots in ancient times. Two examples from the Bible that stand out are when a Pharaoh orders babies to be killed during Moses’ time and when King Herod instructs the killing of infants during Christ’s birth. It is said that children were considered â€Å"property† in ancient times and were easily sold, mutilated, killed or used as sacrifice for the gods. (Volpe) This disregard for children continued until the Middle Ages. During this period, unwanted children served as apprentices w hile those with deformities were declared omens of evil and were killed. (Child Abuse) Parents and even teachers in the Medieval Period believed that beating the child was the norm for instilling discipline. (Snell) Because society did not see it wrong parents teach their children by way of spanking or hitting the latter, most of the reported cases of child abuse were between masters and servants, who were children. (Child Abuse) The case of Mary Allen McCormack in 1874 was the first time a victim of child abuse was brought out in the open. McCormack had been given up for adoption and was physically abused by her adoptive mother until her neighbors brought her case to the Department of Public Charities and Corrections. (Markel) Ironically, the case was initiated by the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals as there were no laws to protect children from physical abuse inflicted by parents. Fortunately, the case triggered movements for the formulation and enforceme nt of laws to rescue and protect abused children. (Watkins) Forms of Child Abuse According to the World Health Organization, child abuse and neglect is defined as â€Å"all forms of physical and emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect, and exploitation that results in actual or potential harm to the child’s health, development or dignity.† (Child Maltreatment) Physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect and negligent treatment, emotional abuse and exploitation are the five types of child abuse. Each of these may be described in various ways in different nations. In the United States for example, although the Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) gives the minimum criterion for physical child abuse, child neglect, and sexual abuse, it also only defines sexual abuse and special cases concerning withholding or failing to provide medically indicated treatment. (Pecora, et. al.) Physical abuse is generally inflicting bodily harm to a child when in anger. The trauma should be non-accidental. This is also referred to battered child syndrome. People who beat children are often those abused themselves when they were young. Nevertheless, alcoholism, domestic violence, drug abuse, lack of education, poverty and being a single parent can increase the risk of abuse. (Child Abuse -

Asperger’s Syndrome Essay examples -- Health, Diseases

Asperger’s syndrome is becoming more and more common as time goes by. Each year, more children are being diagnosed. This paper focuses on Asperger’s Syndrome and developing social skills in various social settings. By looking at the etiology, diagnostic procedures, how the condition effects development, daily challenges, current social/cultural views, and relevant social interventions, a better understanding on how to develop social skills for children with Asperger’s Syndrome can ensue. The world revolves around social situations. This is how people are hired for jobs, ask for things, make new friends, meet their future spouse, etc. At the moment, social skills training and social support is minimal compared to where it potentially could be (Rao, Beidel, & Murray, 2008). Teaching someone with Asperger’s Syndrome better social skills will allow social acceptance, the ability to use adaptive behavior in a certain setting, and allow for independence fr om others to help them into social situations (Banda, Hart, & Liu-Gitz, 2010). People with Asperger’s Syndrome are like everyone else. They just need help in gaining social skills to better off themselves in a world based on social interaction. Asperger’s syndrome diagnosis has been on the rise recently. This is due to a better understanding of the syndrome and how to effectively diagnose Asperger’s. Now, people who were considered â€Å"weird† or â€Å"interesting† in fact, have Asperger’s. Little research has been done on this syndrome which causes limited services and support (Stoddart, 2009). There are many theories on how Asperger’s is obtained. In Stoddart’s (2009) chapter, one belief is centered on genetics. Something triggers multiple genes to act together in a negative w... ...ldren with Asperger’s are brilliant human beings who deserve to interact with the normal of society. They deserve to have the same social jobs like a teacher, business man, or sales man. Their views should not be lessened but rather increased. Future studies should include bigger social situations and applied to more participants. Also, the idea of adults being taught social skills should be evaluated. There is a generation out there of adults who are undiagnosed but still need some sort of intervention. Studies already show that it is possible to teach a child to normally and socially interact. The possibilities are endless for a child with Asperger’s. Hopefully, in the near future, there will be more of an understanding of what is going on in the brain of a child with Asperger’s and new skills will arise that greatly improve their social life forever.

Everyday Use Essay

â€Å"Everyday Use† is a highly symbolic story with manifold themes and interpretations. It not only locates conflict that existed within the Afro-American community and presents life in relation to modern and traditional concept of Afro-American heritage but it further takes into account the feminist themes and agendas. It is a representative story of Black movement of 1960s but it does not manifest the Afro-American quest for socio-cultural identity like other Black Movement literature. The central conflict is symbolized by two main characters; Mrs. Johnson and Dee. Dee is an epitome of shallow materialism and an adherent of prevailing concept of heritage where heritage is revered only for trendiness and aesthetic attraction whereas Mrs. Johnson admires heritage for its practical utility and personal importance. Central conflict is between Maggie and Dee and it is about whether legacy and heritage subsists in belongings or in spirit. Dee’s longing for heritage is for ostentatious reasons. Contemporary periodical necessities make her cherish and celebrate her Afro-American heritage. But Mrs. Johnson and Maggie have learnt to live with their heritage. Dee is captivated by the beauty of â€Å"churn top† and wanted to have it to be used as centerpiece for her alcove table whereas Mrs. Johnson has used it practically for churn butter hitherto. Walker utilizes the butter churn to demonstrate Mrs. Johnson’s intrinsic understanding of heritage. When [Dee] finished wrapping the dasher the handle stuck out. I took it for a moment in my hands. You didn’t even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood. In fact, there were a lot of small sinks; you could see where thumbs and fingers had sunk into the wood. It was a beautiful light yellow wood, from a tree that grew in the yard where Big Dee and Stash had lived. (Walker, â€Å"Everyday Use† use page number from your textbook) The narration of the story is in first-person where everything is reported and understood through the lenses of Mrs. Johnson. Her observation is astute as she provides minute details about the actions of her daughters. Alice Walker has introduced various symbols and figurative language to communicate some thematic expressions. The conflict of heritage becomes more evident as well as critical as the quilts are brought in the story. It signifies the procedure from which the insignificant and worthless may be changed into the valued and functional. The development of Dee into Wangero shows various facets and phases through which black identity passed during late 1960s and 1970s. Predilection for appearance as compared with spirit remained hallmark of this era and this trend is manifested through Dee’s transformation into Wangero. Social standing of females was a favorite subject to the writers at the start of 20th century. Society was dominated by patriarchy, male chauvinism and supremacy whereas women were perceived as fragile and dependant. Every Day Use is a thematic expression of feminism and manifests it at various levels and in various orientations. It also revolves around the same theme which was basically about their feminist struggles. In â€Å"Everyday Use†, Alice juxtaposes the female character against the pathos and miseries of life and demonstrates their strong will and mental capacity to stand against those hardships. They are subservient to any male character and do not needs their companionship. Hence Alice augments their characterization by inculcating a female identity. Although Feminism stands for women to have the same status as men in the society but Alice exhibits another manifestation of Feminism i. e. not a wish to have equal status but a practical demonstration to contribute equally to the socio-cultural milieu of the time. Dee is an epitome of shallow materialistic feminism and an adherent of prevailing concept of feminism that believes in things and materialistic feministic achievements whereas Mrs. Johnson looks at the spirit of feminism and contributes toward it at her own level. She raises up two daughters by her own. This implies she has already taken the position of a father. These kinds of female have the ability to make their own decisions and have independence of thought and actions. The mother even shows how useful and strong a woman is. In the story, Alice Walker pointed out that the mother is â€Å"a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands†. So Everyday Use is not a mere feministic wish to acquire equal status and should be considered and treated on equal terms but it is a practical manifestation of this feminist thought and ideology. Overall, Walker has invited us start living with our heritage instead of merely cherishing it. She further wants us to search our roots in the American soil instead of locating it on other continents. This story has eternalized the Afro-American themes in particular and feminist theme in general. The characteristic that makes the story universal and eternal is symbolic representation f the above-mentioned themes. It can be read and interpreted in various ways and at various levels.

Major General George Pickett in the Civil War

Major General George E. Pickett was a noted Confederate division commander during the Civil War. A West Point graduate, he took part in the Mexican-American War and distinguished himself at the Battle of Chapultepec. With the beginning of the Civil War, Pickett joined the Confederate Army and was later wounded at the Battle of Gainess Mill in June 1862. Returning to action that fall, he took command of a division in Lieutenant General James Longstreets corps. An effective and charismatic leader, his men earned fame during the final phases of the Battle of Gettysburg when they were part on an assault on the Union lines. Picketts career was effectively ended by his defeat at the Battle of Five Forks on April 1, 1865. Early Life George Edward Pickett was born January 16/25/28, 1825 (the precise date is disputed) at Richmond, VA. The eldest child of Robert and Mary Pickett, he was raised at the familys Turkey Island plantation in Henrico County. Educated locally, Pickett later traveled to Springfield, IL to study law. While there, he befriended Representative John T. Stuart and may have had some contact with a young Abraham Lincoln. In 1842, Stuart secured an appointment to West Point for Pickett and the young man left his legal studies to pursue a military career. Arriving at the academy, Picketts classmates included future comrades and adversaries such George B. McClellan, George Stoneman, Thomas J. Jackson, and Ambrose P. Hill. West Point Mexico Though well-liked by his classmates, Pickett proved a poor student and was better known for his antics. A renowned prankster, he was viewed as someone of ability but who only sought to study enough to graduate. As a result of this mentality, Pickett graduated last in his class of 59 in 1846. While being the class goat often led to short or inglorious career, Pickett quickly benefited from the outbreak of the Mexican-American War. Posted to the 8th US Infantry, he took part in Major General Winfield Scotts campaign against Mexico City. Landing with Scotts army, he first saw fighting at the Siege of Vera Cruz. As the army moved inland, he took part in the actions at Cerro Gordo and Churubusco. On September 13, 1847, Pickett came to prominence during the Battle of Chapultepec which saw American forces capture a key fortification and break through Mexico Citys defenses. Advancing, Pickett was the first American soldier to reach the top of Chapultepec Castles walls. Battle of Chapultepec. Photograph Source: Public Domain In the course of the action, he retrieved his units colors when his future commander, James Longstreet, was wounded in the thigh. For his service in Mexico, Pickett received a brevet promotion to captain. With the end of the war, he was assigned to the 9th US Infantry for service on the frontier. Promoted to first lieutenant in 1849, he married Sally Harrison Minge, the  great-great-grandniece of William Henry Harrison, in January 1851. Frontier Duty Their union proved short-lived as she died in childbirth while Pickett was posted at Fort Gates in Texas. Promoted to captain in March 1855, he spent a brief period at Fort Monroe, VA before being sent west for service in the Washington Territory. The following year, Pickett oversaw the construction of Fort Bellingham overlooking Bellingham Bay. While there, he married a local Haida woman, Morning Mist, who gave birth to a son, James Tilton Pickett, in 1857. As with his past marriage, his wife died a short time later. In 1859, he received orders to occupy San Juan Island with Company D, 9th US Infantry in response to a growing border dispute with the British known as the Pig War. This had commenced when an American farmer, Lyman Cutler, had shot a pig belonging to the Hudsons Bay Company which had broken into his garden. As the situation with the British escalated, Pickett was able to hold his position and deterred a British landing. After he was reinforced, Scott arrived to negotiate a settlement. Joining the Confederacy In the wake of Lincolns election in 1860 and the firing on Fort Sumter the following April, Virginia seceded from the Union. Learning of this, Pickett left the West Coast with the goal of serving his home state and resigned his US Army commission on June 25, 1861. Arriving after the First Battle of Bull Run, he accepted a commission as a major in the Confederate service. Given his West Point training and Mexican service, he was quickly promoted to colonel and assigned to the Rappahannock Line of the Department of Fredericksburg. Commanding from a black charger he dubbed Old Black, Pickett was also known for his immaculate appearance and his flashy, finely tailored uniforms. Fast Facts: Major General George Pickett Rank: Major GeneralService: US Army, Confederate ArmyBorn: January 16/25/28, 1825 in Richmond, VADied: July 30, 1875 in Norfolk, VAParents: Robert and Mary PickettSpouse: Sally Harrison Minge, Morning Mist, LaSalle Sallie Corbell  Conflicts: Mexican-American War, Civil WarKnown For: Peninsula Campaign, Battle of Chancellorsville, Battle of Gettysburg, Battle of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, Siege of Petersburg, Battle of Five Forks The Civil War Serving under Major General Theophilus H. Holmes, Pickett was able to use his superiors influence to receive a promotion to brigadier general on January 12, 1862. Assigned to lead a brigade in Longstreets command, he performed competently during the Peninsula Campaign and took part in the fighting at Williamsburg and Seven Pines. With the ascension of  General Robert E. Lee to command of the army, Pickett returned to battle during the opening engagements of the Seven Days Battles in late June. In the fighting at Gaines Mill on June 27, 1862, he was hit in the shoulder. This injury necessitated a three-month leave to recover and he missed the Second Manassas and Antietam campaigns. Rejoining the Army of Northern Virginia, he was given command of a division in Longstreets Corps that September and was promoted to major general the following month. General James Longstreet, CSA. Photograph Source: Public Domain In December, Picketts men saw little action during the victory at the Battle of Fredericksburg. In the spring of 1863, the division was detached for service in the Suffolk Campaign and missed the Battle of Chancellorsville. While in Suffolk, Pickett met and fell in love with LaSalle Sallie Corbell. The two would be wed on November 13 and later had two children. Picketts Charge During the Battle of Gettysburg, Pickett was initially tasked with guarding the armys lines of communication through Chambersburg, PA. As a result, it did not reach the battlefield until the evening of July 2. During the previous days fighting, Lee had unsuccessfully assaulted the Union flanks south of Gettysburg. For July 3, he planned an attack on the Union center. For this he requested that Longstreet assemble a force consisting of Picketts fresh troops, as well as battered divisions from Lieutenant General A.P. Hills corps. Moving forward after a protracted artillery bombardment, Pickett rallied his men with the cry of, Up, Men, and to your posts! Dont forget today that you are from Old Virginia! Pushing across a wide field, his men neared the Union lines before being bloodily repulsed. In the fighting, all three of Picketts brigade commanders were killed or wounded, with only Brigadier General Lewis Armisteads men actually piercing the Union line. With his division shattered, Pickett was inconsolable over the loss of his men. Falling back, Lee instructed Pickett to rally his division in case of a Union counterattack. To this order, Pickett is often quoted as replying General Lee, I have no division. The Battle of Gettysburg. Photograph Courtesy of the Library of Congress Though the failed attack is more accurately known as Longstreets Assault or the Pickett-Pettigrew-Trimble Assault, it quickly earned the name Picketts Charge in the Virginia newspapers as he was the only Virginian of high rank to take part. In the wake of Gettysburg, his career began a steady decline despite receiving no criticism from Lee regarding the attack. Following the Confederate withdrawal to Virginia, Pickett was re-assigned to lead the Department of Southern Virginia and North Carolina. Later Career In the spring, he was given command of a division in the Richmond defenses where he served under General P.G.T. Beauregard. After seeing action during the Bermuda Hundred Campaign, his men were assigned to support Lee during the Battle of Cold Harbor. Remaining with Lees army, Pickett took part in the Siege of Petersburg that summer, fall, and winter. In late March, Pickett was tasked with holding the critical crossroads of Five Forks. On April 1, his men were defeated at the Battle of Five Forks, while he was two miles away enjoying a shad bake. The loss at Five Forks effectively undermined the Confederate position at Petersburg, forcing Lee to retreat west. During the retreat to Appomattox, Lee may have issued orders relieving Pickett. Sources conflict on this point, but regardless Pickett remained with the army until its final surrender on April 9, 1865. Paroled with the rest of the army, he briefly fled to Canada only to return in 1866. Settling in Norfolk with his wife Sallie (married November 13, 1863), he worked as an insurance agent. As with many former US Army officers who had resigned and gone south, he had difficulty obtaining a pardon for his Confederate service during the war. This was finally issued on June 23, 1874. Pickett died on July 30, 1875, and was buried in Richmonds Hollywood Cemetery.